Although precision dosing is being promoted and has great promise, it is underutilized in many drugs and disease states. The cost and effort needed to provide this proof should also be considered in prioritizing drug–disease precision dosing targets. When a new more precise dosing scheme is created and differs significantly from the approved label, it is important to consider the level of proof necessary to either change the label and/or change clinical practice. One key consideration is the quality of information available from which more precise dosing recommendations can be constructed. Since we believe there are many examples where more precise dosing could benefit patients, it is worthwhile to consider how to prioritize drug–disease targets. Likewise, dosing is important where the drug can cause death or severe morbidity. Dosing is particularly important for diseases and/or drugs where the drug can decrease severe morbidity or prolong life. The administered dose of a drug modulates whether patients will experience optimal effectiveness, toxicity including death, or no effect at all. 2Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.1Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.Herbert Patterson 1 Daniel Weiner 1 Paul B.

Therapeutic index